Open AccessCase Report From Presumed Leiomyoma to Stump: Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Hysterectomy with Contained Morcellation for a Large Unsuspected Borderline Smooth Muscle Tumor by Kai-Hsiang Chang Kai-Hsiang Chang SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, Yen-Chang Chen Yen-Chang Chen SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2,3 and Dah-Ching Ding Dah-Ching Ding SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1,4,* 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan 2 Division of Digital Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan 3 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan 4 Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Diagnostics 2026, 16(12), 1760; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16121760 (registering DOI) Submission received: 23 April 2026 / Revised: 2 June 2026 / Accepted: 5 June 2026 / Published: 7 June 2026 Abstract Background: Smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs) are rare uterine neoplasms occupying the diagnostic continuum between benign leiomyoma and overtly malignant leiomyosarcoma. Their preoperative identification remains beyond the capability of current imaging modalities, and the diagnosis is almost invariably established through postoperative histopathological examination. The natural history of STUMP is highly variable, with recurrence rates ranging from approximately 7–27% and a documented potential for malignant transformation, underscoring the need for accurate pathological classification and long-term surveillance. Case Presentation: A 40-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presented with a 5-month history of progressive lower abdominal distension, urinary frequency, and menorrhagia. Transabdominal ultrasonography identified a large uterine fundal mass measuring approximately 10.89 × 8.96 cm. Preoperative laboratory findings demonstrated microcytic anemia. She underwent laparo-endoscopic single-site supracervical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy. Histopathological examination revealed spindle cells with bland to mildly atypical nuclei, a mitotic count of <10/10 high-power fields, and focal necrosis, consistent with a diagnosis of STUMP. The patient remained free of recurrence over a 2-year follow-up period. Conclusions: This case illustrates the diagnostic challenge posed by STUMP in the preoperative setting and highlights the critical importance of thorough histopathological evaluation of all uterine smooth muscle tumor specimens. Minimally invasive hysterectomy with in-bag morcellation represents a feasible surgical approach, and long-term oncological surveillance is warranted given the risk of late recurrence and malignant transformation. Clinicians should maintain a heightened index of suspicion for borderline smooth muscle tumors when evaluating large or symptomatic uterine masses in premenopausal women. 1. Introduction Total hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy remains the standard of care for patients who have completed childbearing; myomectomy may be considered for younger patients with preserved fertility goals, although several studies have documented recurrence and distant metastases even following apparently complete resection [ 7]. A large, multicenter Italian cohort of 401 women demonstrated that definitive surgery was associated with significantly longer recurrence-free survival than fertility-sparing procedures, although overall survival remained excellent and comparable across surgical strategies with nearly all patients alive at last follow-up [ 8]. Among histopathological and surgical risk factors for recurrence, morcellation has been associated with shorter recurrence-free survival and should be avoided when STUMP is suspected preoperatively; epithelioid features, high proliferation activity, low PR expression, and diffuse p16 staining also confer increased recurrence risk [ 9]. For patients pursuing fertility-sparing surgery, a multicenter study of 106 women reported that approximately 22% experienced tumor recurrence, though most cases were non-cancerous [ 10]. Among those who actively attempted conception, 57.4% achieved pregnancy, supporting fertility-preserving myomectomy as a reasonable option under close long-term surveillance [ 10]. We report a case of STUMP occurring in a nulliparous woman presenting with progressive abdominal mass enlargement and lower abdominal discomfort. The primary novelty of this case lies in demonstrating the safe and feasible application of minimally invasive hysteretomy with contained in-bag morcellation in a patient with a large, unsuspected STUMP. This case highlights the inherent preoperative diagnostic challenge posed by STUMP, the oncological rationale for using tissue containment systems during morcellation, and the feasibility of minimally invasive approaches for bulky uterine specimens in the absence of preoperative suspicion of malignancy. 2. Case 2.1. Ethics The patient provided written informed consent for the publication of this case report, including all clinical data and images. 2.2. Chief Complaint An enlarging uterine mass with lower abdominal distension was noted over a 5-month period. 2.3. Present Illness A 40-year-old woman presented with a progressively enlarging uterine tumor associated with lower abdominal discomfort. Her last menstrual period was 18 March 2025. She had a known history of hypertension managed with antihypertensive medication and no prior surgical history. Symptoms had been present since November 2023, prompting outpatient evaluation and subsequent admission for surgical planning. On physical examination, vital signs were stable and the level of consciousness was normal. Abdominal examination revealed lower abdominal tenderness without fever, gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), or history of trauma or external injury. The patient reported a progressive increase in mass size accompanied by urinary frequency and heavier menstrual flow over the preceding year. Given the symptomatic burden and tumor growth, she elected to proceed with surgical intervention. Transabdominal sonography demonstrated an anteverted uterus measuring 9 × 6 cm with a large fundal myoma measuring 10.8 × 12 cm. Endometrial thickness was 7.7 mm. Bilateral adnexa were not visualized, and no free fluid was identified in the cul-de-sac. Based on the clinical and sonographic findings, she was admitted under the impression of an enlarged uterine myoma with abdominal pain. Laparo-endoscopic single-site supracervical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy (LESS LSH + BS) was planned. 2.4. Medical History The patient had a history of hypertension, managed with amlodipine (Norvasc, Pfizer Australia Pty Limited, West Ryde, NSW, Australia). 2.5. Laboratory Data Preoperative blood work revealed microcytic anemia: white blood cell count 7360/μL, hemoglobin 12.1 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume 67.4 fL, and platelet count 269,000/μL. 2.6. Image Study Transabdominal ultrasonography demonstrated a uterine tumor measuring approximately 10.89 × 8.96 cm ( Figure 1). Preoperative grayscale ultrasound revealed a large, heterogeneous uterine mass with mixed echogenicity, comprising both low- and high-echogenic areas, without evidence of calcification ( Figure 1). Color Doppler assessment was not performed during the imaging evaluation. 2.7. Operation and Hospital Course Prophylactic antibiotics (Cefazolin 1 g) were administered intravenously 30 min prior to surgery. The patient underwent LESS LSH + BS. The surgical specimen was placed into a tissue containment system (Unimax Endo Pocket, Unimax Medical Systems Inc., Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC), and in-bag morcellation using a cold knife was performed. Total operation time was 3 h and 14 min, with an estimated blood loss of 50 mL. The in-bag deployment time was 13 min and 57 s, and morcellation time was 1 h and 30 min. The morcellated uterine specimen weighed 1105 g. The primary technical challenge was the prolonged morcellation time (1 h and 30 min) necessitated by the large specimen size; however, no intraoperative complications, bag rupture, or conversion to laparotomy occurred. Gross examination revealed multiple irregular tissue fragments with a firm to rubbery consistency ( Figure 2). The cut surfaces displayed a predominantly white to tan-yellow appearance with a whorled pattern, characteristic of smooth muscle origin. Focal areas of pale-yellow discoloration were noted, possibly representing early degenerative change. No macroscopic foci of hemorrhagic necrosis or coagulative tumor cell necrosis were identified on gross examination. No grossly visible capsular disruption was noted. The postoperative course was unremarkable. Pain was well controlled with a numeric rating scale score of 2 at postoperative 24 h, decreasing to 1 thereafter. The patient resumed oral intake and ambulation without difficulty. No febrile episodes, wound complications, or other adverse events were noted. She was discharged on postoperative day 3 in stable condition. 2.8. Pathology Histopathological examination revealed a smooth muscle tumor composed of spindle cells with none to mildly atypical nuclei. Mitotic activity was low, averaging 0–1 mitosis/mm 2 (fewer than 4 mitoses/mm 2). Focal tumor cell necrosis was identified in the absence of moderate to severe atypia or elevated mitotic activity. In accordance with the WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Genital Organs, these findings fulfill the criteria for WHO STUMP Scenario 1—a smooth muscle tumor with tumor cell necrosis but without other worrisome histological features—consistent with a diagnosis of smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) ( Figure 3). 2.9. Diagnosis The patient was diagnosed with STUMP. 2.10. Follow-Up The patient was followed up in the outpatient clinic. No evidence of recurrence or significant findings was observed over the 2-year follow-up period. 3. Discussion 3.1. Brief Summary of Novelty The principal value of this case report is its demonstration that minimally invasive surgery with contained morcellation can be performed safely in the setting of a large, unsuspected STUMP. As STUMP cannot be distinguished from leiomyoma on preoperative imaging or clinical assessment alone, surgeons must be prepared for this diagnosis at the time of pathological review. The use of a tissue containment system in this case ensured oncological safety despite the unexpected borderline nature of the tumor, and supports the broader adoption of contained morcellation as a standard precaution in minimally invasive uterine surgery. 3.2. STUMPs 3.3. Preoperative Diagnostic Challenges The preoperative diagnosis of STUMP remains elusive with currently available imaging modalities [ 4]. Conventional ultrasonography, the most widely used first-line tool for evaluating uterine masses, cannot reliably differentiate STUMP from leiomyoma based on morphological features alone [ 2]. In the present case, transabdominal sonography demonstrated a large, heterogeneous uterine mass with mixed echogenicity and no calcifications, findings indistinguishable from those of a degenerating leiomyoma. MRI offers superior soft tissue contrast and may provide additional morphological detail; however, STUMPs do not consistently exhibit an MRI phenotype distinct from that of cellular or degenerated leiomyomas, and significant overlap exists between STUMP and other uterine smooth muscle tumors on both conventional and advanced quantitative MRI sequences [ 5]. In this case, MRI was not performed, as ultrasound provided sufficient information for surgical planning and MRI is not routinely indicated under our institutional protocol or reimbursed by Taiwan’s National Health Insurance program in the absence of specific clinical criteria. Taken together, the imaging findings in this case underscore the fundamental limitation that no currently available modality can reliably identify STUMP preoperatively, and that histopathological examination remains the diagnostic gold standard. Serum biomarkers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoforms, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, have been explored as adjuncts for distinguishing leiomyosarcoma from leiomyoma; however, their diagnostic role in STUMP specifically has not been established [ 6]. Composite clinical scoring systems incorporating these biomarkers alongside clinical features such as tumor diameter, abnormal uterine bleeding, and rapid growth have shown promising discriminatory performance for leiomyosarcoma [ 6], but none has been validated for STUMP detection. Similarly, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity for routine preoperative evaluation of uterine smooth muscle tumors [ 7]. In the present case, no preoperative biomarker panel or advanced imaging was performed, as the clinical presentation was consistent with a large leiomyoma and no features prompted suspicion of a borderline or malignant tumor. This underscores the fundamental diagnostic challenge of STUMP: in the absence of reliable preoperative tools, the diagnosis invariably depends on histopathological examination of the surgical specimen, reinforcing the importance of thorough pathological assessment in all cases of hysterectomy or myomectomy performed for uterine smooth muscle tumors [ 8]. 3.4. Pathological Classification and Histological Features The histopathological diagnosis of STUMP requires systematic evaluation of three principal parameters: cytological atypia, mitotic activity, and tumor cell necrosis [ 2]. The classification of necrosis type represents the central diagnostic challenge in this case. The tumor’s large size and rapid clinical growth over five months suggest that ischemic (infarct-type) necrosis resulting from outgrowth of vascular supply is the most clinically plausible mechanism [ 1]. However, distinguishing histologically between infarct-type necrosis and coagulative tumor cell necrosis (CTCN) in borderline specimens is notoriously difficult, even among experienced gynecologic pathologists. Infarct-type necrosis is characterized by a gradual transition zone with surrounding hyalinization, whereas CTCN demonstrates an abrupt transition, ghost cell outlines, and nuclear debris—features associated with leiomyosarcoma [ 9]. When this distinction cannot be made with certainty, the diagnosis of STUMP is appropriate, reflecting the inherent biological and histological uncertainty of these tumors. It is this diagnostic ambiguity, rather than a definitive identification of either necrosis type, that underscores the importance of strict long-term follow-up in STUMP patients. The present case exhibited focal necrosis with bland to mildly atypical nuclei and a mitotic index <10/10 HPF (averaging 0–1 mitosis/mm 2). This pattern represents a common and particularly challenging STUMP subtype in which tumors with focal necrosis cannot be definitively characterized as coagulative tumor cell necrosis or hyaline necrosis. In such cases, expert pathological review and, where available, consultation with gynecological pathology specialists is strongly recommended. Immunohistochemical markers, including p16, p53, Ki-67, and h-caldesmon, could be investigated as potential adjuncts to morphological assessment in the classification of smooth muscle tumors [ 10]. 3.5. Surgical Management A critical surgical consideration is the risk of intraperitoneal tumor cell dissemination during morcellation of an unsuspected STUMP or leiomyosarcoma [ 12]. Following the FDA’s 2014 black box warning against power morcellation in women with known or suspected uterine malignancy [ 12], contained morcellation systems have been developed as a mitigation strategy, though their long-term oncological safety has not been definitively established [ 13, 14]. In the present case, LESS LSH + BS was performed using cold knife in-bag morcellation within a closed tissue containment system, thereby avoiding peritoneal spillage despite the unanticipated STUMP diagnosis. This case demonstrates that minimally invasive surgery with contained morcellation is technically feasible and oncologically prudent for large uterine specimens when preoperative malignancy is not suspected, and supports its broader adoption as a precautionary standard in minimally invasive uterine surgery. 3.6. Prognosis and Recurrence The natural history of STUMP is characterized by considerable biological variability. While the majority of patients remain disease-free following definitive surgical treatment, recurrence rates ranging from approximately 7% to 27% have been reported, with recurrent lesions occasionally exhibiting malignant transformation to leiomyosarcoma [ 15]. Histological features associated with increased recurrence risk include coagulative tumor cell necrosis, moderate to severe cytological atypia, elevated mitotic counts, epithelioid or myxoid subtypes, and diffuse p16 positivity, while surgical morcellation without containment has been independently associated with shorter recurrence-free survival [ 16]. In the present case, the large tumor size and histologically ambiguous necrosis type represent features warranting heightened vigilance, although the absence of extrauterine disease, negative resection margins, and use of contained morcellation are reassuring prognostic indicators. The patient demonstrated no evidence of recurrence over a two-year follow-up period. However, continued long-term surveillance remains essential given the documented risk of late recurrence and malignant transformation in this tumor category. 3.7. Surveillance and Follow-Up Recommendations 3.8. Previous Reported Case Summary The studies included in Table 1 were selected through a narrative literature search of PubMed using the terms “uterine STUMP,” “smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential,” and “uterine smooth muscle tumor borderline,” without a formal systematic review protocol. Inclusion was based on the following criteria: (1) studies reporting original clinicopathological data on uterine STUMP, including patient demographics, surgical approach, histopathological findings, and oncological outcomes; (2) availability of sufficient detail to permit meaningful comparison with the present case; and (3) representation of the breadth of the available literature, spanning large multicenter retrospective cohorts, single-center series, and individual case reports. A summary of key published studies on uterine STUMP, including their clinicopathological features and oncological outcomes, is presented in Table 1. Published case series on uterine STUMP reveal consistent clinicopathological patterns. STUMP predominantly affects premenopausal women, with a mean age at diagnosis in the early-to-mid-forties, and presenting symptoms are virtually indistinguishable from those of benign leiomyoma [ 3]. The diagnosis is almost invariably established postoperatively on histopathological examination, as illustrated by the present case. Recurrence rates range from approximately 14% to 22% across series, with a subset exhibiting malignant transformation to leiomyosarcoma, underscoring the unpredictable biological behavior inherent to this diagnostic category [ 20]. Adverse prognostic factors identified across multiple cohorts include epithelioid histological subtype, elevated Ki-67, low PR expression, diffuse p16 positivity, and surgical morcellation without containment—the last of which was specifically avoided in the present case through the use of a closed in-bag system [ 13]. Given this risk profile, long-term structured surveillance—typically clinical and radiological assessment every six months for five years and annually thereafter—is warranted for all patients regardless of surgical approach, and multidisciplinary individualized management remains the cornerstone of care [ 21]. Summary of key studies on uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). Summary of key studies on uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). Study (Year) Study Type N Mean Age (Years) Chief Complaint/Presentation Surgery Histopathology Recurrence/Outcome Key Finding/Conclusion Abbreviations: GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist; HPF, high-power fields; IHC, immunohistochemistry; LESS LSH + BS, laparo-endoscopic single-site supracervical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy; LMS, leiomyosarcoma; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; OS, overall survival; PR, progesterone receptor; RFS, recurrence-free survival; STUMP, smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential; WHO, World Health Organization. Studies were selected through a narrative literature search and include representative publications across a range of study designs and sample sizes. Inclusion criteria required reporting of original clinicopathological data on uterine STUMP with sufficient detail for comparison, including surgical approach, histopathological findings, and oncological outcomes. 3.9. Limitation Color Doppler vascularity assessment was not performed, precluding characterization of internal blood flow patterns. Nonetheless, as no imaging criterion has demonstrated sufficient specificity to differentiate STUMP from other uterine smooth muscle tumors, this omission is unlikely to have affected clinical decision-making. MRI was not performed in this case due to a combination of clinical, institutional, and healthcare system factors: ultrasound provided adequate surgical planning information, MRI for uterine mass evaluation is not routinely reimbursed under Taiwan’s National Health Insurance program in the absence of specific indications, and our institutional preoperative protocol is ultrasound-based. While MRI may offer additional morphological detail, its inability to reliably distinguish STUMP from other uterine smooth muscle tumors on imaging alone means this omission is unlikely to have affected the diagnostic or clinical outcome. In the present case, IHC staining could not be performed due to the unavailability of the archived tissue block. While we recognize the adjunctive value of p16, p53, Ki-67, ER, PR, and PHH3 in ambiguous smooth muscle tumors, the STUMP diagnosis was established on H&E morphology alone by an experienced gynecological pathologist, in accordance with established criteria. This case highlights key real-world diagnostic challenges. Accurate mitotic counting is particularly difficult in hypercellular or suboptimally fixed specimens; in such settings, PHH3 immunohistochemistry—cited as “helpful to evaluate mitoses” in uncertain cases by the WHO Classification of Tumors (5th ed., 2020) [ 22]—should be considered when the mitotic index approaches diagnostic thresholds. Additionally, STUMP overlaps morphologically with leiomyoma variants and leiomyosarcoma, requiring careful integration of cellularity, atypia, mitotic count, and coagulative necrosis. Adequate fixation, generous tumor sampling, and gynecological pathology specialist consultation are strongly recommended in diagnostically ambiguous cases. 3.10. Contribution to the Literature and Future Directions This case adds to the literature by demonstrating the feasibility and oncological safety of LESS with cold knife in-bag contained morcellation for a large, unsuspected STUMP—an approach not widely reported in this specific context. It further reinforces that STUMP cannot be anticipated preoperatively regardless of tumor size, underscoring the importance of routine histopathological examination of all hysterectomy and myomectomy specimens. Future studies should prioritize prospective multicenter registries with standardized WHO-based histopathological reporting, long-term outcome data on contained morcellation systems in unsuspected borderline and malignant smooth muscle tumors, and consensus guidelines addressing surveillance protocols, indications for completion hysterectomy, and management of recurrent STUMP with malignant transformation. STUMP represents a diagnostically and clinically challenging entity within the spectrum of uterine smooth muscle tumors. Its preoperative identification remains largely beyond the capability of current imaging technology, and the diagnosis is almost invariably established by postoperative histopathological examination. Accurate pathological classification, with particular attention to the characterization of necrosis type, degree of atypia, and mitotic activity, is essential to guide subsequent management decisions. Surgical treatment by hysterectomy is considered definitive for most patients, and minimally invasive approaches are appropriate when performed with in-bag morcellation. Long-term oncological surveillance is warranted given the documented, albeit relatively low risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. The present case contributes to the growing body of literature on STUMP and highlights the importance of maintaining a heightened index of suspicion for borderline or malignant smooth muscle tumors when evaluating large or symptomatic uterine masses in premenopausal women. Author Contributions Conceptualization, D.-C.D.; methodology, K.-H.C. and Y.-C.C.; software, D.-C.D.; validation, D.-C.D., K.-H.C. and Y.-C.C.; formal analysis, D.-C.D., K.-H.C. and Y.-C.C.; interpretation of data, D.-C.D. and K.-H.C.; resources, D.-C.D.; data curation, D.-C.D., K.-H.C. and Y.-C.C.; writing, D.-C.D., K.-H.C. and Y.-C.C.; original draft preparation, D.-C.D., K.-H.C. and Y.-C.C.; review and editing, D.-C.D.; supervision, D.-C.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding This research received no external funding. Institutional Review Board Statement The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and ethical review and approval were waived for the single case report. Informed Consent Statement The patient provided informed consent for the publication of this case report. Data Availability Statement All data are presented in the article. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: AUC area under the curve CT computed tomography HPF high-power field LDH lactate dehydrogenase LESS LSH + BS laparo-endoscopic single-site supracervical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy LMS leiomyosarcoma MRI magnetic resonance imaging pLMS pre-operative LMS PR progesterone receptor STUMP smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential WHO World Health Organization References Satala, C.-B.; Patrichi, G.; Gurau, A.M.; Toma, A.; Popazu, C.; Mihalache, D. An Update on Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Is It a Leiomyoma, a STUMP, or a Leiomyosarcoma? Biomedicines 2026, 14, 285. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] Bucuri, C.E.; Ciortea, R.; Malutan, A.M.; Oprea, V.; Toma, M.; Roman, M.P.; Ormindean, C.M.; Nati, I.; Suciu, V.; Mihu, D. 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Histology of STUMP. ( A) Spindle cells with bland to mildly atypical nuclei; ( B) Focal necrosis. Scale bar = 50 μm. Histology of STUMP. ( A) Spindle cells with bland to mildly atypical nuclei; ( B) Focal necrosis. Scale bar = 50 μm. Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. © 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style Chang, K.-H.; Chen, Y.-C.; Ding, D.-C. From Presumed Leiomyoma to Stump: Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Hysterectomy with Contained Morcellation for a Large Unsuspected Borderline Smooth Muscle Tumor. Diagnostics 2026, 16, 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16121760 AMA Style Chang K-H, Chen Y-C, Ding D-C. From Presumed Leiomyoma to Stump: Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Hysterectomy with Contained Morcellation for a Large Unsuspected Borderline Smooth Muscle Tumor. Diagnostics. 2026; 16(12):1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16121760 Chicago/Turabian Style Chang, Kai-Hsiang, Yen-Chang Chen, and Dah-Ching Ding. 2026. "From Presumed Leiomyoma to Stump: Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Hysterectomy with Contained Morcellation for a Large Unsuspected Borderline Smooth Muscle Tumor" Diagnostics 16, no. 12: 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16121760 APA Style Chang, K.-H., Chen, Y.-C., & Ding, D.-C. (2026). From Presumed Leiomyoma to Stump: Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Hysterectomy with Contained Morcellation for a Large Unsuspected Borderline Smooth Muscle Tumor. Diagnostics, 16(12), 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16121760 Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here. Article Metrics Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online.
From Presumed Leiomyoma to Stump: Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Hysterectomy with Contained Morcellation for a Large Unsuspected Borderline Smooth Muscle Tumor
