In Q3 2025, household debt in Switzerland reached 121.90% of GDP (one of the highest ratios in the world). The creation of money out of thin air (by commercial banks) is in full swing, given that this economic policy sustains a whole host of professions related to real estate by inflating national income (like a speculative real estate bubble). It is also not uncommon for the management of captive assets of insured persons' pension funds (BVG) to be outsourced at a cost of approximately 5% per year. On the other hand, in Q4 2025, Switzerland’s net debt represented 16.1% of GDP
