This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Review Integration of Alternative Energy at Airports: A Safety-Oriented Review Daniela Marasová Daniela Marasová SciProfiles 1, Karolína Hrešková Karolína Hrešková SciProfiles 2,*, Peter Koščák Peter Koščák SciProfiles 2 Martina Koščáková Martina Koščáková SciProfiles 2 1 Institute of Logistics and Transport, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia 2 Department of Air Transport Management, Faculty of Aeronautics, Technical University of Košice, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia Energies 2026, 19(12), 2759; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19122759 (registering DOI) Submission received: 21 April 2026 / Revised: 4 June 2026 / Accepted: 6 June 2026 / Published: 8 June 2026 This review paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of current scientific knowledge on the integration of low-emission technologies into airport operational models. Attention is also given to the role of artificial intelligence techniques in predicting environmental risks, optimizing energy system design, and enhancing operational safety. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the synergy between renewable energy sources (solar and wind energy) and emerging propulsion technologies in aviation (hydrogen and electrification) from the perspective of safety and operational stability. The methodology is based on a systematic review of 78 scientific studies identified in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The analysis identifies critical technical and operational barriers, including electromagnetic interference caused by wind turbines, optical hazards associated with photovoltaic systems, and stability challenges in airport microgrids under peak loads resulting from the charging of electric aircraft. Particular attention is given to the safety of hydrogen infrastructure, where findings from the literature indicate the need to revise separation distances and highlight the potential reduction of airport stand capacity by 5% to 16%. The study synthesizes these findings into a strategic framework for “Smart Green Airports”, proposing solutions such as adaptive infrastructure design, the deployment of predictive models based on artificial intelligence, and the implementation of inherently safe energy storage systems. The paper concludes that achieving airport energy self-sufficiency while maintaining the integrity of flight operations is feasible only through the holistic integration of technical measures, simulation-based planning, and strict compliance with updated safety regulations. sustainable aviation; airport safety; renewable energy sources; hydrogen infrastructure; airport electrification; energy self-sufficiency; risk management; smart microgrids Marasová, D.; Hrešková, K.; Koščák, P.; Koščáková, M. Integration of Alternative Energy at Airports: A Safety-Oriented Review. Energies 2026, 19, 2759. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19122759 Marasová D, Hrešková K, Koščák P, Koščáková M. Integration of Alternative Energy at Airports: A Safety-Oriented Review. Energies. 2026; 19(12):2759. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19122759 Marasová, Daniela, Karolína Hrešková, Peter Koščák, and Martina Koščáková. 2026. "Integration of Alternative Energy at Airports: A Safety-Oriented Review" Energies 19, no. 12: 2759. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19122759 Marasová, D., Hrešková, K., Koščák, P., & Koščáková, M. (2026). Integration of Alternative Energy at Airports: A Safety-Oriented Review. Energies, 19(12), 2759. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19122759
